39
21.
Milich DR, Chen MK, Hughes JL, Jones JE. The secreted hepatitis B precore
antigen can modulate the immune response to the nucleocapsid: a mechanism
for persistence. J Immunol 1998;160:2013-2021.
22.
Reignat S, Webster GJ, Brown D, Ogg GS, King A, Seneviratne SL, et al.
Escaping high viral load exhaustion: CD8 cells with altered tetramer binding in
chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Exp Med 2002;195:1089-101.
23.
Hu Z, Zhang Z, Doo E, Coux O, Goldberg AL, Liang TJ. Hepatitis B virus X
protein is both a substrate and a potential inhibitor of the proteasome complex.
J Virol 1999;73:7231-40.
24.
Zhou DX, Taraboulos A, Ou JH, Yen TS. Activation of class I major
histocompatibility complex gene expression by hepatitis B virus. J Virol 1990;
64: 4025-4028.
25.
Beckebaum S, Cicinnati V, Zhang X, Ferencik S, Frilling A, Grosse-Wilde H et al.
Hepatitis B virus-induced defect of monocyte-derived dendritic cells leads to
impaired T helper type 1 response in vitro: mechanisms for viral immune escape.
Immunology 2003;109:487-495.
26.
Asabe S, Wieland SF, Chattopadhyay PK, Roederer M, Engle RE, Purcell RH, et
al. The size of the viral inoculum contributes to the outcome of hepatitis B virus
infection. J Virol 2009;83:9652-62.
27.
Boettler T, Spangenberg HC, Neumann-Haefelin C, Panther E, Urbani S, Ferrari
C et al. T cells with a CD4+CD25+ regulatory phenotype suppress in vitro
proliferation of virus specific CD8+ T cells during chronic hepatitis C virus
infection. J Virol 2005;79:7860-7867
28.
van der Molen RG, Sprengers D, Binda RS, de Jong EC, Niesters HG, Kusters
JG et al. Functional impairment of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells of
patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2004;40:738-746.
29.
Griffith TS, Brunner T, Fletcher SM, Green DR, Ferguson TA. Fas ligand-induced
apoptosis as a mechanism of immune privilege. Science 1995;270:1189-92.
30.
Milich D, Liang TJ. Exploring the biological basis of hepatitis B e antigen in
hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 2003;38:1075-1086.
31.
Chen M, Sallberg M, Thung SN, Hughes J, Jones J, Milich DR. Nondeletional
T-cell receptor transgenic mice: model for the CD4(+) T-cell repertoire in chronic
hepatitis B virus infection. J Virol 2000;74:7587-7599.
32.
Rossol S, Marinos G, Carucci P, Singer MV, Williams R, Naoumov NV.
Interleukin-12 induction of Th1 cytokines is important for viral clearance in
chronic hepatitis B. J Clin Invest 1997;99:3025-3033.
33.
Tang TJ, Janssen HL, Kusters JG, de Man RA, Schalm SW, Kwekkeboom J.
The intrahepatic immune response during chronic hepatitis B infection can be
monitored by the fine-needle aspiration biopsy technique. FEMS Immunol Med
Microbiol 2003;39:69-72.
34.
Bonecchi R, Bianchi G, Bordignon PP, D’Ambrosio D, Lang R, Borsatti A
et al. Differential expression of chemokine receptors and chemotactic
responsiveness of type 1 T helper cells (Th1s) and Th2s. J Exp Med 1998;187:129-
134.
35.
Jo M, Kim TH, Seol DW, Esplen JE, Dorko K, Billiar TR et al. Apoptosis induced in
normal human hepatocytes by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing
ligand. Nat Med 2000;6:564-567.
36.
Janssen HL, Higuchi H, Abdulkarim A, Gores GJ. Hepatitis B virus enhances
tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) cytotoxicity by
Hepatit B Enfeksiyonu Ýmmünpatogenez